Factors that can contribute to dieback in particular localities can include ins ects especially termites, fungi especially Phyt ophthora, drought, salinity, herbicide spray drift or spillage in water courses, girdling of trees by livestock, earthmoving, frost, hail fire, wind and pruning (Gill et al., 2001; Javaid Afzal 2001; Khan 20 01; Bajwa et al., 2003). Pakistan is deficient in forests.
Sialkot, Gujranwala, Lahore, Faisalabad, Sheikhupura, Gujrat, Jehlem, Rawalpindi, Sargodha, and Hafizabad were undertaken from March 2003 to March 2004 to study the present status of tree dieback incidence in these areas.
A total of 21 tree species were found victim of the dieback disease.
The disease incidence, however, varied in different tree species.
Furthermore, there was also difference in disease severity in different surveyed districts of the province.
Dehnh., Populus hybrida M.
Bieb., Ficus religiosa L., F.
L., Bombax ceiba L., Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels., Psidum guajava L., and Albizia lebbeck Benth.
The less commonly cultivated species like Toona ciliata (Roxb.) M.
Roemer, Heterophragma adenophyllum Seem.
Br., Platanus orientalis L.
Termites and fungi were found to be the most common biotic factors responsible for the disease.
Among the abiotic factors generally drought and environmental pollution seemed to be the main causes for dieback initiation and severity.
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Sialkot, Gujranwala, Lahore, Fa isalabad, Sheikhupura, Gujrat, Jehlem, Rawalpindi, Sargodha, and Hafizabad we re undertaken from March 2003 to March 2004 to study the present status of tree dieback incidence in these areas.
Furthermore, there was also difference in dis ease severity in dif ferent surveyed dis tricts of the province.
Among the commonly grown trees Mangifer a indica L., Eucalyptus ci triodora Hook., E.
L., Bombax ceiba L., Syzygium cum ini (L.) Skeels., Psidum guajava L., and Albizia lebbeck Benth.
Roemer, Heterophragma adenophyl lum Seem.
Termit es and fungi were found t o be the most common biotic facto rs responsible for t he disease.
Among t he abiotic factors ge nerally drought and environmental pollut ion seemed to be t he main causes for dieback initiation a nd severity.
Introduction Dieback refers to the progressive death of twigs and branches, w hich generally starts at the tips.
The affected trees may partially recover from new shoots growing out of the trunk and ma jor branches.
There are a number of causes of dieback, which vary from region to region.
Dieback is a complex phenomenon, with many interrelated causes.
It is difficul t to attribute an outbreak of dieback to any one single cause.
It consists of a combination of environmental stresses and bio tic disease organisms that interact to weaken and eventually killing of the plants.
It usually begins after the trees are predispose d by an environmental stress (Aslam, 2004).
Factors that can contribute to dieback in particular localities can include ins ects especially termites, fungi especially Phyt ophthora, drought, salinity, herbicide spray drift or spillage in water courses, girdling of trees by livestock, earthmoving, frost, hail fire, wind and pruning (Gill et al., 2001; Javaid Afzal 2001; Khan 20 01; Bajwa et al., 2003).
Pakistan is deficient in forests.
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